“你有权保持沉默，但你所说的都将成为呈堂证供”，这是我们在港片中经常听到的阿Sir的标志性逼格用语。今天我们就追根溯源到真正的米兰达警告并澄清几个误区。
Miranda Warnings
米兰达警告
Miranda warnings is the right against self-incrimination guarded by the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution. It means that a person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be informed, in substance, that:
1.The person has the right to remain silent
2. Anything the person says can be used against them in court
3. The person has the right to presence of an attorney; and
4. If the person cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for them if they so desire.
米兰达警告是被宪法第十五修正案保护的不得自证其罪的权利。具体是指一个人在拘捕后正式审讯前必须被告知的权利，主要内容包括：
1. 你有权保持沉默，但你所说的每一句话都可以在法庭上作为指控你的不利证据。
2. 你也有权让律师在场。
3. 如果你无法负担一名律师，你希望的话法庭可以为你指定一名律师。
01
The warning must be verbatim
警告必须一字不漏
The warnings need not be verbatim so long as the substance of the warnings is conveyed.
这些警告不需要逐字宣读只要警告的主要内容告知到位即可。
02
Silence means doing nothing
保持沉默就是什么都不做
After receiving Miranda warnings, a detainee has several options: do nothing, waive their Miranda rights, assert the right to remain silent, or assert the right to consult with an attorney.
在收到米兰达警告后，被拘留者可以选择：什么都不做，放弃其米兰达权利，主张保持沉默的权利或者主张咨询律师的权利。
If the detainee does not respond at all to Miranda warnings, the court will not presume a waiver, but neither will the court presume that the detainee has asserted a right to remain silent or to consult with an attorney. Therefore, the police may continue to question the detainee. So, the detainee must do something to defend their rights.
如果被拘留者不作任何回应，法庭不会推定他放弃，也不会推定他主张他的权利，警方还是可以继续审问的。所以被拘留者必须做一些事情来捍卫他们的权利。
If the detainee waives their rights, the waiver must be knowing and voluntary. Invocation of right to remain silent must be explicit, unambiguous, and unequivocal. If the detainee indicates that they wish to remain silent, the police must scrupulously honor their request by not badgering the detainee. If the detainee unambiguously indicates that they wish to speak to counsel, all questioning must cease until counsel has been provided.
如果被拘留者放弃他们的权利，这种放弃必须是知晓且自愿的。保持沉默的权利申明必须是明确的，毫不含糊的。如果被拘留者申明他们希望保持沉默，警方必须谨慎的尊重他们的请求，不得对其纠缠不止。如果被拘留者毫不含糊的声明他们希望与律师对话，在律师到场前所有审讯必须停止。
03
All evidence obtained in violation of Miranda warnings must be inadmissible
违反米兰达警告取得的所有证据均不得准入
Nontestimonial evidence will not be suppressed if the failure is not purposeful.
未遵从米兰达警告并非有意为之，由此获得的非言词证据是可以准入的。
Statements may be used to impeach the defendant’s trial testimony, but may not be sued as evidence of guilt.
陈述可以被用于质疑被告人的法庭证词，但不能用于定罪的证据。
If the “question first, warn later” nature of the questioning seemed unplanned and the failure to give Miranda warnings seemed inadvertent. The subsequent valid confession may be admissible.
如果审讯“先审问后警告”的性质被认为是意外的并且未给与警告是无意的，则之后的认罪是可以被准入的。
The Supreme Court has allowed interrogation without Miranda warnings when it was reasonably prompted by a concern for public safety.
基于对合理的公共安全的考虑，最高院许可不经米兰达警告的讯问。
作者介绍
延彬彬律师
现为上海大红鹰dhy律师事务所合伙人律师，民革党员。先后被评为民革上海市委三八红旗手、民革普陀区委先进个人，并在第一届上海律师学术大赛中获“代理词评选”优秀奖，持有证券从业资格证、上海市知识产权工作者证等。
执业领域：
不良资产处置，企业法律顾问，各类合同纠纷，劳动人事纠纷，婚姻家庭纠纷的处理，刑事案件以及行政案件的处理，医疗器械行业法律服务等。
执业理念：
每个人都值得拥有自己的私人律师。
微信:
w13764304810
